The Shadhili Tariqa is a Sufi order founded by Abu-l-Hassan ash-Shadhili. Followers (murids Arabic: seekers) of the Shadhiliya are often known as Shadhilis.
It has historically been of importance and influence in North Africa and Egypt with many contributions to Islamic literature. Among the figures most known for their literary and intellectual contributions are Ibn 'Ata Allah, author of the Hikam, and Shaykh Ahmed Zarruq, author of numerous commentaries and works, and Sheikh ibn Ajibah who also wrote numerous commentaries and works. In poetry expressing love of Muhammad, there have been the notable contributions of al-Jazuli, author of the "Dala'il al-Khayrat", and Busiri, author of the famous poem, the Poem of the Mantle. Many of the head lecturers of al-Azhar University in Cairo have also been followers of this tariqa.
Of the various branches of the Shadhili tariqa are the Fassiyatush, found largely in India, Sri Lanka, and Pakistan. The Darqawi branch is found mostly in Morocco and the Alawiyya (no connection to the Turkish or Syrian Alawi or Alevi groups) which originated in Algeria is now found the world over, particularly in Syria, Jordan, France and among many English-speaking communities. British scholar, Martin Lings wrote an extensive biography of the founder of this branch, Shaykh Ahmad al-Alawi, entitled 'A Sufi Saint of the 20th century'.
The Swedish impressionist painter and Sufi scholar Ivan Aguéli (1869-1917) was the first official Moqaddam (representative) of the Shadhili Order in Western Europe. Aguéli initiated René Guénon (1886-1951) into the Shadhili tariqa. Guénon went on to write a number of influential books on tradition and modernity.
The Spiritual Chain
The silsila of the Shadhili order is as follows
- Muhammad the Messenger of Allah
- Ali ibn Abi Talib
- Hasan al-Basri
- Habib al-‘Ajami
- Dawud al-Ta’i
- Ma‘ruf al-Karkhi
- Sari al-Saqati
- Abul Qasim al-Junayd
- Abu Bakr al-Shibli
- Abu Faraj ‘Abd al-Wahhab al-Tamimi
- Abul Faraj al-Tartusi
- Abul Hasan ibn ‘Ali Yusuf
- Sa‘id al-Mubarak
- Abdul-Qadir Gilani
- al-Ghawth Abu Madyan
- ‘Abd al-Rahman al-‘Attar al-Zayyat
- Abdeslam Ben Mshish
- Abu-l-Hassan ash-Shadhili
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